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' 'UNITED STATES JOHN O. VANDS, OF

PATENT OFFICE;

ST. LOUIS, -ll/IISSOURI.

FREIGHT-CAR ROOFING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,976, dated July 10, 1883.

` Application filed May 12, 188,3. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN CLARK WANDs, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Freight-CarRcoiing; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and'exact description of the invention,vsuch as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

Figure l of the drawings is a top view, and Fig. 2 is also a top view. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, and Fig. d is a detail cross-section.

This invention has relationto improvements in car-roofs; and it consists in the construction and novel arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims appended.

In the accompanying drawings, the letterA designates the roof-framing. B B are .sheets of galvanized iron or tin which are rolled in convex ribA form at their edges, as indicated at c. These rolled ribs c are designed to extend from the Carling d to the edge of the roof when the sheets are in position, and they lap one over the other, and both over a hardwood batten, e, which extends under the lap throughout its length. In roofing cars which require curved roofs extendingy entirely across from edge beam to edge beam the sheets are extended entirely across the car, their rolled edges overlapping throughout their extent. Between the convex laps the sheets are covered with strips or battens g, of hard wood,

vwhich 'are preferably made of the convex form indicated in the drawings. The flat bottoms of these battens lie closely on the metal sheets, and both battens and sheets are secured to the roof-frame by means of wire nails which are the rooting-frame, and when so driven are clinched Yon the under sidey of said timbers. In order to provide additional fastenings, it is designed, usually, to extend longitudinal strips h, of hoop-iron or of hard wood, lengthwise over the battens and directly over the purlins of the car. These longitudinal fastening-strips are secured by screws at intervals where the laps of the sheets of metal occur, the screw passing through the crown of the lap and through the under batteri into the purlin. These lengthwise fastenings can be used over can be dispensed with if the car does not require avery rigid roof.l

Having described this invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 'is- 1. The combination, in a. ear-roof, of the roll-edge sheets of galvanized iron or tin lapping each other transversely of the car over under battens, and the transverse covering battens or strips between the laps on the metallic sheets, substantially as specified.

2. The car-roof-consisting. of the framing, the under battens, 'the roll-edge metallic sheets lapped over the under vbattens, the coveringbattens, and the longitudinal fastenings, substantially as specified.

`In testimony whereof I affix my signature iu presence of two witnesses.

JNO. VVANDS.

W'itnesses:

JAMEs G. ALEXANDER, JNO. H. TRACY.

driven through the sheets and battens into an d preferably through the longitudinal timbers of 4 5 each purlin and edge plate of the car, or they 

